![]() DOI resourcesĭoes your resource have a DOI? Do you need to find it? See Citing articles in this guide for examples of journal articles with and without DOIs.įor definitions and more details, see APA's DOIs and URLs or consult the guide directly (Section 9.34-9.36, pp.Use any URL shortening service as long as the link goes to correct location.Use shortDOI service to create shortened DOIs-a work has only one DOI and one shortDOI.Use only the DOI for online works with both a DOI and URL.Include a DOI for all works that have one-even if you used the print version.If work is published or read online, use live links- check with your instructor for their preference.There is no period at the end of a DOI or URL.Standardize all DOIs in the reference list to the preferred format-even if presented in an older format.Current DOI format ("xxxxx" represents the DOI number)-as recommended by the International DOI Foundation.Do not use "Retrieved from" or "Accessed from" before a DOI or URL.296-297) and the appropriate reference example in Chapter 10. Exceptions are those works that are found only in a particular database (e.g., Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, JSTOR primary sources, *Proquest Dissertations and Theses Abstracts and Index).įor further details and reference examples, see APA's Database information in references or consult the guide directly (Section 9.30, pp. ![]() Some examples include: PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, Ebscohost databases, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Nexis Uni, Proquest* databases, etc. Do not include the name or URL of a database from most academic research databases in the reference list.253-256).Ĭheck APA's lists on their Basic principles of citation on providing credit for sources used or see Section 8.10, pp. in the reference list (at the end of your paper).įor guidelines on avoiding undercitation and overcitation see APA's Appropriate level of citation or consult the guide directly (Section 8.1, pp.in the body of your text (" in-text citations").General notes on APA styleĪPA Style is based on the author-date system which requires citations to appear in two places in your essay: Consult SFU's customised APA citation guides with examples for business sources, Canadian government documents and legal citation.
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